Ethical Issues of Genetic Research Essay - 1268 Words

Scientific and technological advances are the products of mans inherent desire to improve the society in which he lives. Such progress often accompanies an expansion of intellectual boundaries. As one acquires knowledge, one also encounters new opportunities to be explored. This is true in the area of human genome research. The implications of The Human Genome Project and other attempts to further understand the human genetic code clearly demonstrate the basic principles of social benefit versus social cost. The desired effect is obviously one in which the benefits significantly outweigh the costs. The actual impact of such technology, however, remains only an estimate until this scientific advancement becomes a reality. It is out†¦show more content†¦Once the replacement gene is integrated in cells inside the patient, the cells and the insertion agent are irretrievable. The inserted gene will be an addition, not a substitute, for the defective gene. Problems may, therefore, arise if the supplementary genetic material alters the cells regulatory pathways(232) and produces undesirable consequences. For if the therapy performed is on germ-line cells, adverse effects may influence multiple generations of people. But many view these risks as subordinate to the potential of gene therapy to help reduce and eliminate the social burden of genetic disorders. The ability of gene therapy to affect such disorders,however, is restricted to those caused by recessive X-linked or autosomal mutations. The realm of efficacy for treatment includes individuals afflicted with common disorders such as haemophilia, color blindness, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, phenylketonuria (PKU), cystic fibrosis, sickle-cell anemia, and Tay-Sachs disease(226-7). The treatment of such disorders must be monitored so that the replacement gene, once inserted, will be expressed at the appropriate time and place, and in the correct quantity(229). Improvements on regulatory techniques are then necessary to enhance the effectiveness of gene therapy. Furthermore, the effectiveness of such techniques is exceeded by the vast majority of the population afflicted with genetic disorders caused byShow MoreRelatedEthics And The Field Of Hea lthcare1542 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Issues Related to Genetics in Nursing Genetic research is imperative to the field of healthcare. Genetic research enables healthcare providers to have a better understanding of many genetic diseases and the components of those diseases. This research aids in early detection, prevention, treatments, and sometimes cures. Without the use of genetic research, healthcare would be at a standstill. Genetic and genome healthcare is a powerful tool. As with anything powerful, it often puts theRead MoreThe Issues Of Gene Technology867 Words   |  4 PagesIssues of gene technology include inappropriate applications, religious issues, and what gives us the right to use such technology. The problems on society include disagreements among different groups of people based on views and opinions. There can economic problems when dealing with genetically modified foods. Legislation mainly focuses on HIPAA and the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA). They protect information and prohibit genetic discrimination in h ealth insurance and employmentRead MoreThe Field Of Reproductive Technology1484 Words   |  6 PagesToday’s culture has a growing fascination with biotechnology and genetic engineering. This is especially true within the field of reproductive technology. 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The main concern is whether individuals have legal ownership of the cells that are extracted from their bodies and used for research. Should people who donated their cells be compensated for the findings based off them? To what extent do people have control and benefits from donating their cells to science? Who has the right to have access to other people’s cells and for what purposes will they be justified and legal? B. Henrietta Lacks was the unwitting donor of the cells thatRead MorePros And Cons Of Genetic Engineering1101 Words   |  5 PagesGenetic engineering brings about great and marvelous things, yet it raised many ethical issues. Some encourage research, while others oppose against such a bizarre idea. Their arguments revolve around impacts on the environment, humans, and social values. This paper seeks to give an account of these issues and present a possible moral compromise. Ecological problems may be caused when genetically engineered species are introduced. It may offset the natural balance of a system and may even lead toRead MoreEssay Genetic Testing - Are the Benefits Worth the Risks?1585 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic Testing - Are the Benefits Worth the Risks? In 2001 The Human Genome Project was completed giving us the make up of the entire human genome. Science can now tell what color your eyes are, what gender you are, and what diseases you have just by extracting one strand of DNA. The question I propose to you now is; do you really want to know? Is it a good thing to know that you will get a disease that will eat away your mind, and cripple you till you wither away at the early age of 43 (HuntingtonRead MoreEssay On Biological Tissues835 Words   |  4 Pages(Anderlik, 2003; Rose, 2001). Government agencies such the U.K. Medical Research Council gives funding for biobanks in concerned with tissues and genomes (e.g., brain banks). On the other hand, the cost of maintaining biobanks and its storage brings a huge issue in the monetary funding just like the U.K. government made a joint partnership with Wellcome Trust, the Department of Health, the Scottish Executive, the Medical Research Council, and the Northwest Regional Development Ag ency. As recorded inRead MoreThe Controversy Of Eugenics And Genetic Engineering1632 Words   |  7 Pagesspecies undergoing changes that suit their environment through multiple generations. However, in the last 150 years, humanity has made great strides in the science of genetics. In that time, there have been some subjects that have been highly controversial: eugenics and genetic engineering. The history of these topics is colored with ethical and moral quandaries that have been topics for fierce debates since the early 1900s, and they continue to this day. Eugenics was defined by Francis Galton as â€Å"the

Hhielmsn Free Essays

In this, and subsequent descriptions of the trenches, I may lay myself open to the charge of exaggeration. But it must be remembered that I am describing trench life in the early days of 1914, and I feel sure that those who had experience of them will acquit me of any such charge. To give a recipe for getting a rough idea, in case you want to, I recommend the following procedure. We will write a custom essay sample on Hhielmsn or any similar topic only for you Order Now Select a flat ten-acre ploughed field, so sited that all the surface water of the surrounding country drains into it. Now cut a zig-zag slot about four feet deep and three feet wide diagonally across, dam off as much water as you can so as o leave about one hundred yards of squelchy mud; delve out a hole at one side of the slot, then endeavour to live there for a month on bully beef and damp biscuits, whilst a friend has instructions to fire at you with his Winchester every time you put your head above the surface. Well, here I was anyway, and the next thing was to make the bets of it. As I have before said, these were the days of the earliest trenches in this war; days when we had none of those â€Å"props† such as corrugated iron, floorboards, and sand bags. When you made a dug-out in those days you made it out of anything you could find, and generally had to make it yourself. Some British soldiers found that captured German trenches were better built than British ones – as H S Clapham wrote after a successful attack How to cite Hhielmsn, Papers

Cloud Computing and Enterprise Resource - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cloud Computing and Enterprise Resource. Answer: Introduction: The following report is represented in the form of a risk assessment performed on the IT department of Aztech with respect to the project proposal given by strategist to deploy the BYOD within Aztechs workplace environment. The report is generated post-consideration of a collection of project portfolios in the hands of senior executives. Risk assessment has been conducted keeping in mind the nature of industry the company operates in and its workforce strength. The assessment also covers the legal frameworks, financial dimensions and security concerns over the use of Bring Your Own Device while identifying the potential risks that can hamper the companys survival in the long run. To summarise the above points, the evaluation has identified the risk of data security as the most vulnerable one in the entire risk domain for companies operating within financial service sector. The modern organisations that operate in the 21st century have seen a lot of advancements in the field of Information and Communication technology. The ICT has been used extensively in various areas to make the business processes easier to conduct. Almost all the private and government sectors have adopted a series of IT applications and system software to facilitate their day-to-day departmental operations and improve the efficiency of whatever they carry out. The adoption has also been international and this thing get complicated with a lots of integrated functionalities associated with a single IT infrastructure. In the private organisations that offer financial services, accuracy and precision with numerical figures become highly significant because the same yields productivity for clients. For getting calculative and keeping electronic records of everything, the organisational departments use the Enterprise Resource Planning or the ERP methods, cloud computation, tools utilitie s for data analytics, secured or encrypted gateways for money transactions, digitized communication, integration of different software for coordinated operations and many more things. A well-recognised use of IT applications can be observed in place where the investment options are dematerialized. It has provided a successful dimension for the relevant industry. All Australian organisations that offer financial services have emerged as strong portion of the countrys economy for years. This is evident from the way organisations could face the global financial crisis between the year 2008 and 2011. These organisations have already developed high degree of readiness for meeting the present regulations and technological barriers of the present century. Additionally the environmental challenges are also offered through stringent standards and regulatory bodies. It becomes an obligation to demonstrate higher degree of compliance with the government as well as the society when the demograp hic and cultural dimensions witness quick changes. Technological trends make way for modified rules and regulations on the use of social media, platforms utilized in cell phones, data security, system changes at the core-level etc. Thus, the risk assessment of financial service providers in Australia becomes tough to conduct because multiple changes at once (Saini, et al 2011). It was highly recommended by Drucker, the notable man behind management principles that business organisations of any size should analyse the market and anticipate the potential changes that could either lift or decline their current rate of commercial success. He emphasised on capitalizing on the opportunities so that any type of business project can be effectively executed. This report is designed to carry out an analysis of the risks and opportunities associated with the previously mentioned IT project in Aztek Corporation which operates in the financial service sector of Australia. Background to the Case Study Aztech Corporation holds the position as one of the leading organisations in Australian Financial market. After its incorporation in the year 1960, it established its corporate office in the district of Sydney and the office soon became operational. The business firm deals in an extended range of financial services which includes primarily general and life insurances. It also offers investment products to retailers and other members of corporations who are active in equity and debt business. Apart from that, it also has a wide range of mortgage and loan services for specific consumers who comprise a dominant part of its Aztechs product segment. Presently, the company owns 20 regional offices where over a thousand employees have been working. As of the year 2014, the company has a fair reputation in financial sector of Australia and is on the progress of achieving high CSR or Corporate Social Responsibility in its operational regions. The reaction of the company to capricious changes in the IT infrastructure and trends has been proactive since it develops and upgrades its applications to meet the extended requirements from time to time. Aztech became the first of its kind to introduce the online payment services in the year 1999 by featuring secured and gateways that are end-to-end encrypted. Introduction of payment gateways was a convenient factor for the investors who could execute their business affairs from any location without facing geographical barriers. When the company introduced the SAP Enterprise Resource Planning systems in the year 2005, things took a slanted direction and the firm started observing increased efficiency of interdepartmental functions. Aztechs segment of business and its administrative offices were linked together based on a real time environment. Its operations became more transparent thus creating higher appeals to clients hailing from corporate and retail sectors. Aztechs official website is secured and requires both its clients and its employees to register themselves with the site. While the clients and employees are remotely located at their respective places, their system IPs are tracked by the ERP system incorporated within the organisations main server. The login information of employees is recorded for attendance purposes once they access their registered accounts. The application software installed in each of the employees and clients systems is designed to filter the users by means of a distinctive passcode. For instance, the interface present inside a clients system or an employees system would not allow the data regarding loan products to be accessed by someone who is associated with the department of insurance. By accessing the companys primary website, a registered user can have access to relevant information pertaining to investments and loan products. He/she can also do purchasing on the same platform without needing the employees to get involved. The process is quite automated but the same is made possible because of a series of interconnected software, database and payment gateways that make registration and online transactions possible. The rules and regulations laid down by the Australian government comes into play in the trade cycle around each kind of investment and the trade business policies are defined separately for each of the investment option. The differences in rules are as per the legislation drafted by the Australian Commission of Securities and Investments. The transactions of various clients in Aztech are carried out the companys concerned IT department by means of virtual management. The registered bank account of each client is linked to his/her respective dematerialization account. This provides the clients with suitable interface for making investments in various financial instruments from their personal locations. Even with such smoothness of virtual operations, the overall IT infrastructure of the company is kept simple for attracting large number of retail and corporate investors. Indeed, it is a well-known fact that technical complexities even on a computer screen can turn down prospects because of individuals apprehension of financial losses. On the other hand, application software that provides a friendly interface and easily understandable functionalities is likely to appeal to any client. Aztech has its own dedicated department for resolving the customer grievances and responding to their business-related queries. The Customer Service Executives provide real-time support by means of telephonic conversation and the voice interactions are stored securely as digital data in the companys database. The organisations website meant for online trading is kept updated on hourly basis for delivering real-time information related to exchanges and buying selling values of different commodities tha t are traded. To remain competitive in todays global arena, it is highly expected of an organisation to have a competitive IT infrastructure and professionals (Campbell, et al 2010). The BYOD project proposed by strategist refers to the concept of Bring Your Own Device. It implies that the employees of an organisation can bring their own personal devices to the workplace for accomplishing their assigned jobs. These devices may include the personal laptops, cell phones, PDAs, tablets or any other device that supports an interface for office works. In case of Aztech, the works correspond to trading, business analytics, database management and handling of transactions. Several companies around the globe have already adopted such an idea in their workplaces. The thing to notice is that the personal devices act as the sole devices that their respective owners rely upon. However, this does not lower the essence of virtually located applications because devices only act as individual hardware. There is always an underlying need of integrating these personal devices with the ERP applications that support the business activities. Precisely, employees are only advantaged i n accessing the virtual intranet or extranet of a corporation through their personal devices (Leavitt, 2013). The concept of BYOD has three critical dimensions that need compliance for such kind of projects to be adopted at a conventional workplace. The first critical dimension underlines the need of common or generic application software that is capable of running smoothly in diverse range of personal devices that different employees might bring. Compatibility and functioning becomes an issue when either the operating systems are differently designed or the hardware incorporated in a particular device does not fulfil the requirements for an application to function. The issue of a common interface also becomes an issue in case the implemented technologies have generational gap. With employee strength of over 1000, a company can never expect the employees to have a single kind of device with everyone. The second critical dimension highlights the companys obligation for drafting a customized policy that addresses the range of usage associated with personal devices within the workplace setting to cover up for the degree of accessibility vested in each executive. This is to assure that the sensitive data within the office database is not compromised at any cost. The policies are to be stringent when the count of employees is large and there is high possibility for anonymous access. The third dimension has its criticality defined along the mutual agreement arrived at by the owners and managers on one side and the employees on the other, regarding acknowledgment in terms of legal aspects of using personal devices in the companys workplace setting. The third one depends on the policies frames as per the business owners want. BYOD do have certain advantages that are convincing when it comes to rapid adoption of new technologies, reduced cost of IT infrastructure post-implementation of it and increased level of operational flexibility. However, it also increases the number of subtle risks that an organisation often will not detect while performing its business operations. Bringing personal devices to the workplace has 3 different kinds of implications that are quite sensitive with regards to the business process being carried out. In the relevant case of Aztech Corporation, it indicates the financial services offered by the company to retail and corporate investors. Legal Implications The Australian Act of Freedom to Information which was introduced in the year 1982. Initially the legislation of FOI appeared simple but over 30 years after its introduction, the Act became overhauled. It has so far encouraged the culture of information disclosure across government sector and the same is nearly applicable to the private sectors also (Stewart, 2015). This legislation primarily scrutinizes the effectiveness of BYOD in any organisation and to what extent the control can be implemented without any hassle. The degree of control being referred to in this case require Aztech to comply with all the legal obligations, so basically it increases the risk of liabilities for the company in context with the employees assigned with jobs to be performed at the workplace. Personal devices in fact, provide a higher degree of freedom to their respective owners but such freedom may not be required as far as the office works and confidentiality are concerned. The increase in liability wi ll actually be accounted for by the licensing of generic software application required to run all the personal devices in a similar manner, the inadvertent damage that is supposed to be introduced to an employees personal files, the undesired investigation procedures that can breach an employees privacy and the companys request for any response to incidents. In any of the mentioned factor, personal devices compromise with the privacy of an employee and Aztech Corporation shall be no exception. The Australian Act for Privacy introduced brought in the year 1988 has a negative impact on the BYOD project to perform effectively at Aztech Corporation. An analysis of the pros and cons of the aforementioned Act reveals that in case the personal data is compromised, the company is at a position to mitigate the consequences resulting out of breach of personal data (Iqbal, 2012). The Archive Act of 1983 also affects the implementation of such a project of BYOD within Aztechs workplace. The Act was established by the NAA or the National Archive of Australia in the year 1983 with a key motive to assist the governmental agencies to perform management of significant records and make 20 years old record to be available to the general public. The record refers to written documentations, digital content, audios and video files of any nature within the listed spectrum. However, the act serves disadvantageous for private companies like that of Aztech. Once a corporate file gets corrupted within an employees personal device, the only solution as per the Act is to extract the data from a pile of records that might be too sensitive from a employees consideration. The decision-making regarding the preservation of corporate data would involves all employees which would result in ambiguity and delay in the process. The process of using personal devices to minimize the workload would go against the very sole concept of BYOD (Downer Bhattacharya, 2015). The concept of BYOD might sound beneficial to Aztech when it comes to reduced cost of hardware but that can be achieved only when the employees agree to pay for their own personal devices. This is not highly practical case as rarely an employee would voluntarily invest his/her personal money to buy something that supports the professional activities which are anyway the responsibility of the company and not any individual. However, from a separate perspective, the reduced cost of hardware implementation can be far outweighed by the technical infrastructure that would be required to support a large number of personally diversified devices within a workplace. Employees at Aztech primarily carry out operations related to buying and selling of market shares, transfer of money and registration of clients. These processes obviously require a common digital platform and an interface to run smoothly in each of the personal devices present within the companys workplace. Disparity is highly sp eculated because of some will arrive with laptops and PDAs while some may be confined to only cell phones that run on OSS or Open Source Software. To exacerbate this, further disparity among the handsets operating systems can complicate the gross budget developed for technological implementation. In similar cases, the BYOD also opens multiple loopholes for breach of security. Lastly, in some case even the employees might be required to compromise with their devices originality when extra devices are required for performing specific business activities (DoD, 2014). Security-Related Implications These implications are high because it correlates various other considerations apart from just IT infrastructure, the size of a company or the nature of business it conducts. These implications also take into account the nature of data already present in the personal devices that the employees are supposed to carry to the workplace. For example, in Aztech Corporation, the employees might pertain to certain software that is unapproved or not reviewed. In such cases, the corporate data which is sensitive is totally unprotected and therefore can be mishandled or leaked while an employee is at his personal location. The anonymous users of corporate data thus points towards the peer group that an employee stays with like his/her family members, relatives or close friends. Even there are possibilities of data to be stolen in case a particular device is exposed to third party. This is not practical because the financial information of clients that Aztech deals with, cannot be compromised un der any circumstances. The data would contain a lot of sensitive information like the personal bank accounts details, the transactions performed and even the encrypted information. Third party cloud services are also not a solution to the above problem because there are a plethora of users who are linked with third party cloud service-providers. In a separate context, Aztech being a private business organisation can also be questioned on its integrity if the security postures of the permitted personal devices are weak. At last, the professionals in financial service sector might not be experts on IT security and therefore their personal management of security risks is far different from the corporate management which utilizes either an intranet or an extranet along with a centralized and protected server (Carden, 2012). In the process of ICT management, most of the business organisations keep on striving to develop the most efficient strategies that could be brought to effect at their respective workplaces. BYOD technically creates a link or bridges the gap among technologies, organisational policies and the resources within the IT departments. The resources here in case of Aztech shall imply the personal smart phones, laptops, tablets and PDAs. But there are underlying risks to BYOD project that are not understood by many. At the most basic level, the major risk of BYOD is strongly associated with the smartphones that the employees are supposed to use while staying at Aztechs regional offices and the corporate office. According to a report published by EYGM (2013), there are 14 major challenges that emerge when a BYOD is being deployed. Out of these challenges, the major barriers will be brought by 4 top most concerning factors. Considering the case of Aztech Corporation, there will be 3 intermedia te barriers and the remaining 7 are adjustable or they can be mitigated by strategic approaches. The Major Risks Security Protocols on Employees Smartphones 63% - 67% Security Protocols in case of Data Breach 57% - 61% Security Concerns related to Mobile Data Network 53% - 56% Security Aspects of Handset Application Software 49% - 51% The Moderate Risks Integration of Technologies with the Back-end Systems of Aztech Financial 25%- 28% The Executive Sponsorship 21% - 23% Defining the Limit of Application Usage on Employees Personal Handsets 23% - 27% The Least Risk Factors that can be mitigated Training Costs Incurred for Financial Service Using BYOD Concept 7% - 10% Regulations that are Country Specific (Australia) 15% - 19% Return of Investment in case of BYOD Project 13% - 16% Expenditures in Implementation of Specific Upgraded Applications 15%- 18% Costs Involved in Development of Smart Phone Applications meant for Employees and some other relevant Stakeholders 5% - 8% Requirements of Regulations Specific Financial Service Sector in Australia 13% - 16% Costs Involved in Preparing Aztechs Updated Help Desk Support 17% - 19% The landscape of the risk associated with implementation of BYOD concept in Aztechs workplace setting can be sub-segmented into 3 major areas. These are the security measures that can be applied to the personal devices of employees, address of the risk associated with specific new application software and management of the workplace environment associated with BYOD. Security Setting for Personal Handsets of Employees In earlier days, there existed a single-phone environment in the corporate sector because the manufacturers and brands were few. They were secure because of the uniform distribution of handset variants. The policy control for security could be effectively managed by the manufacturers because of the unified interface they provided to users. The proposed BYOD concept that is supposed to be applied to the case of Aztech Corporation changes the security architecture at a fundamental level as the companys employees are supposed to bring a diversified range of devices that are individually personalized and have very less to do with the business environment of an enterprise. The five fundamental security concerns with regards to the mobile devices are Theft of an Employees Personal Device either outside or within the Workplace setting of Aztech (Password Protected Device and Encryption) Shallow awareness of IT security practices or absolute Lack of it in Aztech primary segment of professionals whose work profiles do not align with those of IT Professionals, the company being in the financial service sector (The Risk Assessment Framework known to IT Department of Aztech) The ownership associated with end user of the device (Rooting or Jailbreak of the Smartphones Operating System) Idle state of Personal Devices with an elevated access to Internet data (Access to Business Data through VPN connection in a Lost or Stolen Smart phone of Aztechs Employee) Access to the personal device on a physical level either within the workplace or outdoor (Absence of Hardware Encryption in 3G Devices) The above concerns can be addressed by use of a MDM or a Mobile Device Management Program that is to be adopted by the company itself post-implementation of BYOD concept within its workplace. Apart from that the company needs to set a baseline for security standards as various hardware and operating systems will just mess up the confidentiality protocols. The authentication for corporate data needs to be stringent one on the monitors of personal devices. In addition to all these, a vital addition of Aztechs risk awareness program is also required followed by consistent evaluation of device usage (Absalom, 2012). There has been a steep increase in the incident of malware attacks in organisations that follow B2C models. Aztech falls under the same category. Malicious codes and security loopholes are less likely to be identified by employees at Aztech and thus it skyrockets the chances of theft of corporate data. The embedded codes can compromise with the local files on an intranet or an extranet. To effectively counter these breaches, the data sharing performed between each BYOD devices are needed to be filtered at the initial phase to make sure that all loopholes in a personal device are detected and subsequently covered (Ghosh, et al 2013). Conclusion From the above assessment, it can be opined the variability associated with a BYOD environment is significantly in case of hardware as well the software that provides access to Aztechs sensitive data on clients profile and their bank account details. Variation in OS platforms also makes the wiping of devices complicated. The employees themselves account for 55% of the security risk in a BYOD environment while the remaining 27% is contributed by third party individuals who somehow have legitimate access to Aztechs internal database. Also it can be argued that the activities performed by Aztechs employees are needed to be visible mostly on the cloud system followed by systems that are on the premise. Mobile devices still account for half of the visibility required and therefore it is advisable to adopt the laptops and PDAs if possible in the place of personal smartphones because the variability factor is less in the former case. Reference Absalom, R., 2012. International Data Privacy Legislation Review: A Guide for BYOD Policies. Ovum Consulting, IT006, 234, pp.3-5. Campbell, J., McDonald, C. and Sethibe, T., 2010. Public and private sector IT governance: Identifying contextual differences. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 16(2). Carden, M., 2012, August. Digital Archiving at the National Archives of Australia: Putting Principles into Practice. In International Council on Archives Congress, Brisbane, Australia, August (pp. 20-24). Department of Defence, 2014. Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) for Executives. Australian Government. Retrieved 26 September 2017 from https://www.asd.gov.au/publications/protect/BYOD_Considerations_for_Execs.pdf Downer, K. and Bhattacharya, M., 2015, December. BYOD security: A new business challenge. In Smart City/SocialCom/SustainCom (SmartCity), 2015 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 1128-1133). IEEE. EYGM, 2013. Bring your own device Security and risk considerations for your mobile device program. Retrieved 27 September 2017 from https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY_-_Bring_your_own_device:_mobile_security_and_risk/$FILE/Bring_your_own_device.pdf Ghosh, A., Gajar, P.K. and Rai, S., 2013. Bring your own device (BYOD): Security risks and mitigating strategies. Journal of Global Research in Computer Science, 4(4), pp.62-70. Iqbal, S., 2012. Australian Government Launches Discussion Paper on Privacy Breach Notification. Retrieved 27 September 2017 from https://www.insideprivacy.com/data-security/australian-government-launches-discussion-paper-on-privacy-breach-notification/ Leavitt, N., 2013. Today's mobile security requires a new approach. Computer, 46(11), pp.16-19. Olalere, M., Abdullah, M.T., Mahmod, R. and Abdullah, A., 2015. A review of bring your own device on security issues. Sage Open, 5(2), p.2158244015580372. Saini, S.L., Saini, D.K., Yousif, J.H. and Khandage, S.V., 2011. Cloud computing and enterprise resource planning systems. In Proceedings of the world Congress on Engineering (Vol. 1, pp. 6-8). Stewart, D., 2015. Assessing Access to Information in Australia: The Impact of Freedom of Information Laws on the Scrutiny and Operation of the Commonwealth Government.

John Locke and Plato Essay Example

John Locke and Plato Paper The two views with regards to innate knowledge that both John Locke and Plato hold, are quite different. Locke shares the view that there is no such thing as innate knowledge, and that knowledge is obtained through experiences in ones life. Plato holds a completely different viewpoint and feels that knowledge is not something that is learned, but it is recollected. He feels that the knowledge is inside each human being, and that the individual needs to be pointed in the right direction to perhaps recall that particular knowledge. John Locke was known as an Empiricist, and that meant he did not believe in innate knowledge. Locke feels that we are born as a Tabula Rosa or blank state, and that through our experiences do we gain knowledge. Locke felt that knowledge comes from experiences and more specifically, sensation and reflection. Examples of sensations would basically be the five senses, and reflections would be pure thoughts or feelings. Furthermore, primary ideas were designated as being physical objects and were designated as bulk, size, motion, figure and number. Secondary ideas were characterized as being in ones head and were characterized as distinguishing sweetness, roughness or color. One of the big discrepancies I found would have been Platos views on the advancement of science or technology. By means of Empiricism, we are able to change our ideas over time as we determine that past theories are incorrect and are able to build upon new ideas, whereas Plato felt that innate knowledge was simply discovered and admit to having been wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on John Locke and Plato specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on John Locke and Plato specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on John Locke and Plato specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It seems to me that over time we develop newer and better theories on certain subject matters, as opposed to just simply being wrong about things and all of a sudden just seeing the light with regards to the newly discovered innate knowledge. Plato felt that morals and ethics were innate, whereas Locke felt that experiences provide us with data to show us what is morally right and wrong. I must say that I do not agree with Platos beliefs in any way. I do not feel that we are simply born with all this knowledge and simply by being pointed in the proper direction, we are able to ascertain that which we were previously unaware of. John Lockes beliefs that by experiencing things we are able to understand and solve problems to me make much more sense. For example if you took a healthy child and from the day they were born placed them in an enclosed room providing them with proper food for nourishment and growth, and you monitored that child over the years one would find that the child would have no aspects of innate knowledge.

Japanese-Canadian Internment During WWII essays

Japanese-Canadian Internment During WWII essays After more than sixty years, it seems difficult for most Canadians to comprehend the reasons behind the internment of Japanese-Canadian during World War II. They were innocent Canadian citizens, mostly resided in British-Columbia, many of them even born in Canadian soil, yet they were stripped all their constitutional rights as a citizen. They were detained without trial to isolated internment camps in the interior until the end of the war. Their houses, cars, boats, and other property were confiscated and sold with unbelievable prices. After the war was over, they had to relocate to other parts of Canada or risked being repatriated to Japan. It is easy to dismiss this tragedy as abnormality of the history. Others try to explain it as the side effect of wartime hysteria. It is not uncommon to hear the stories of soldiers during the war doing some sorts of war crime due to the mental fatigue and battle hysteria. However, it deserves deeper explanations when a society, not battling sol diers, decides to send their neighbors of certain race to the intern camps. We need to understand the historical background of race-relation in British-Columbia in order to understand the issue better. In my opinion, the real objective of the internment was not to isolate the Japanese-Canadian into the camps to secure Canada from potential Japanese spies, but to exclude them from the white-dominated society. It was a part of systematic attempt to exclude the yellowperil. Japanese-Canadians as well as other Asian-Canadians were visible minorities within predominantly European-Canadians. At that time, they were second-class citizens with limited rights. For the European-Canadians, especially the blue collars, the existence of Asians laborers was something to be endured and hated. This was not a symptom unique to BC, but we could probably say that the whole world had yet to understand the concept of equality in humanity. Asians were viewed...

Romeo and Juliet Scenes

Romeo and Juliet Scenes Act 1 Scene 1: Samson and Gregory, Capulet’s men, discuss strategies to provoke a fight with the Montagues – banter between the two sides soon starts. Benvolio encourages peace among the families just as Tybalt enters and challenges him to a duel for being a cowardly Montague. Montague and Capulet soon enter and are encouraged by the Prince to keep the peace. Romeo is feeling dejected and forlorn – he explains to Benvolio that he is in love, but that his love is unrequited. Scene 2: Paris asks Capulet if he may approach Juliet for her hand in marriage - Capulet approves. Capulet explains that he is holding a feast at which Paris could woo his daughter. Peter, a serving man, is dispatched to give out invitations and unwittingly invites Romeo. Benvolio encourages him to attend because Rosalind (Romeo’s love) will be present. Scene 3: Capulet’s wife informs Juliet of Paris’ desire to marry her. The Nurse also encourages Juliet. Scene 4: A masked Romeo, Mercutio and Benvolio enter the Capulet celebration. Romeo tells of a dream he had about the consequences for attending the celebration: the dream foretold â€Å"untimely death†. Scene 5: Capulet welcomes the masked revelers and invites them to dance. Romeo notices Juliet among the guests and instantly falls in love with her. Tybalt notices Romeo and informs Capulet of his presence offering to remove him. Capulet allows Romeo to stay in order to preserve the peace. Meanwhile, Romeo has located Juliet and the couple kisses. Act 2 Scene 1: Upon leaving the Capulet grounds with his kinsman, Romeo has run off and hid himself in the trees. Romeo sees Juliet on her balcony and overhears her profess her love for him. Romeo responds in kind and they decide to marry the next day. Juliet is called away by her Nurse and Romeo bids her farewell. Scene 2: Romeo asks Friar Lawrence to marry him to Juliet. The Friar chastises Romeo for being fickle and asks what happened to his love for Rosalind. Romeo dismisses his love for Rosalind and explains the urgency of his request. Scene 3: Mercutio informs Benvolio that Tybalt has threatened to kill Mercutio. The Nurse ensures that Romeo is serious about his love for Juliet and warns him of Paris’ intentions. Scene 4: The Nurse delivers the message to Juliet that she is to meet and marry Romeo in Friar Lawrence’s cell. Scene 5: Romeo is with Friar Lawrence as Juliet hastily arrives. The Friar resolves to marry them quickly. Act 3 Scene 1: Tybalt challenges Romeo, who attempts to pacify the situation. A fight breaks out and Tybalt kills Mercutio – before dying he wishes â€Å"a plague on both your houses.† In an act of revenge, Romeo kills Tybalt. The Prince arrives and banishes Romeo. Scene 2: The Nurse explains that her cousin, Tybalt, has been killed by Romeo. Confused, Juliet questions Romeo’s integrity but then decides that she loves him and wants him to visit her before he is exiled. The Nurse goes to find him. Scene 3: Friar Lawrence informs Romeo that he is to be banished. The Nurse enters to pass on Juliet’s message. Friar Lawrence encourages Romeo to visit Juliet and fulfill their marriage contract before going to exile. He explains that he will send a message when it is safe for Romeo to return as Juliet’s husband. Scene 4: Capulet and his wife explain to Paris that Juliet is too upset about Tybalt to consider his marriage proposal. Capulet then decides to arrange for Juliet to marry Paris the following Thursday. Scene 5: Romeo bids Juliet an emotional farewell after spending the night together. Lady Capulet believes that Tybalt’s death is the cause of her daughter’s misery and threatens to kill Romeo with poison. Juliet is told that she is to marry Paris on Thursday. Juliet refuses much to her father’s distain. The Nurse encourages Juliet to marry Paris but she refuses and decides to go to Friar Lawrence for advice. Act 4 Scene 1: Juliet and Paris discuss the marriage and Juliet makes her feeling clear. When Paris leaves Juliet threatens to kill herself if the Friar cannot think of a resolution. The Friar offers Juliet a potion in a vial which will make her appear dead. She will be placed in the family vault where she is to wait for Romeo to take her to Mantua. Scene 2: Juliet begs her father’s forgiveness and they discuss Paris’ marriage proposal. Scene 3: Juliet asks to spend the night alone and swallows the potion with a dagger by her side in case the plan does not work. Scene 4: The Nurse discovers Juliet’s lifeless body and the Capulets and Paris grieve her death. The Friar takes the family and Juliet’s seemingly dead body to church. They hold a ceremony for Juliet. Act 5 Scene 1: Romeo receives news from Balthasar about Juliet’s death and is determined to die by her side. He buys some poison from an apothecary and makes the return journey to Verona. Scene 2: The Friar finds out that his letter explaining the plan about Juliet’s faked death was not delivered to Romeo. Scene 3: Paris is in Juliet’s chamber grieving her death when Romeo arrives. Romeo is apprehended by Paris and Romeo stabs him. Romeo kisses Juliet’s body and takes the poison. The Friar arrives to find Romeo dead. Juliet wakes to find Romeo dead and no poison left for her, she uses the dagger to kill herself in grief. When the Montagues and Capulets arrive, the Friar explains the events leading to the tragedy. The Prince pleads with the Montagues and Capulets to bury their grievances and acknowledge their losses. The Montague and Capulet families finally lay their feud to rest.

Boeing Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Boeing Company - Case Study Example Louis, James Hoard who was building trainers in Los Angeles and Howard Hughes. In later years the company combined to form the present day Boeing Company. Boeing business serves across the continent enjoying a wide variety of customers ranging from government agencies, military departments and at the same time commercial customers. Boeing Company employs more than 170,000 employees both in the United States and 70 other countries. In 2013 the company stock price was $ 134. 72. In 2012 the company stock price was $ 75.88; Boeing company stock price as of 2011 was $ 70.22. The company net profit as of 2012 was 5.24% which was $ 49.1 billion. Boeing company assets fall into two major segment which are the Aircraft financial services and defense, space and security financial services. The Boeing business is relevant to me as it offers a unique opportunity to study one of the world successful companies which has been in existence for a while. On this regard it is my goal to learn the mana gement technique on the same and thus as a result, in future, be in a position to form my own company and apply the skills. Transport supply and demand have a reciprocal but asymmetric relation, the re demand must be there in order for supply to take place. Since Boeing company inception the company has seen different aspect of fluctuation in demand over the years, but one thing that is adamant is the fact that the company has continued to thrive well in thee ever rising competitive market. In their company mission and goal, the company has set to always ensure quality service to their potential customers. The company has over the year invested a lot of money in many projects all with the same purpose to ensure that they attract many customers and at the same offer reasonable prices that will in turn attracts the customers. The company like any other company tries to take charge of their prices and as result ensures high rate of profit generalization, doing this poses some challenge due factors such weak economy fluctuation of oil price, external competition. The company tries to vary their prices with different time, the company price are never fixed, this serve the purpose of ensuring that at all times their prices are relatively fair and as a result attract most of the customers. The company engages in high rate of product development due to the high economic demand, where new airplanes are being produced on a continuous basis. This serves to meet the company ever rising demand for their products and services. The company thus is in a position to set their own prices, take charge of the prices and as a result invest in profit mobilization. The company invests a lot in advertising as a way of reaching to their potential customers and marketing themselves on a global scale. Adverting is done through social media such Facebook and twitter, continuous advertising through television and the internet among many other. Boeing company faces current issues and legal warfare like for instance the company engages in a subsidy dispute where in 2004 the EU and USA where it was discusses that all forms of subsidies of Boeing 787 be revised. This formed a

Property Crowd Funding Position Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Property Crowd Funding Position - Essay Example There are three types of crowdfunding, which include donation, debt, and equity. Donation crowdfunding is mostly related to noble causes, where most people decide to invest simply for they believe in the purpose of Crowdfunding. Similarly, debt crowdfunding is based on the concept of peer-to-peer lending process1. In debt crowdfunding, the entire process revolves around lending money, wherein the investors expect to receive their interest on their invested amount and thus, gain profits. In this case of debt crowdfunding, along with the financial returns, investors also aim at gaining the benefit of contributing to the success of a particular purpose, which they believe as worthwhile. Additionally, in the case of equity crowdfunding, people invest in exchange for equity. Fundamentally, here the money is exchanged with the shares. Correspondingly, it can be stated that when the funding is successful, the community’s share value goes up, and vice-versa2. It is worth mentioning in this regard that both debt crowdfunding and equity crowdfunding can be related to property crowdfunding concepts, wherein investors tend to buy a real estate in order to sell it or let it out in order to obtain profits or returns. Aimed at elaborating on the context of property crowdfunding, the discussion henceforth will elaborate on two main themes, which are property or real estate and crowdfunding. In the view of today’s competitive global business world, crowdfunding in real estate has emerged as a new investment option with secured high returns for many. It was following this augmentation in the rate of property crowdfunding that the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act of 2012 was brought into effect in the US. This new rule was intended to allow all the investors from every income level to gain direct access to the real estate market with the help of crowdfunding.  

Altruistic Surrogacy Arrangements Essay Example for Free

Altruistic Surrogacy Arrangements Essay Couples around the world find out that they’re unable to conceive children. This is a very heart breaking and detrimental situation in anyones life who is trying to have a child. Infertility affects more than 7 million people in the United States, and about 12 percent of women of childbearing age are considered infertile. Most infertility cases are treated with drug or hormone therapies or surgery. However, about 3 percent of cases require more advanced techniques, such as surrogacy. A surrogate is a woman who carries a child for an individual or a couple. Stories of surrogacy reach back to the Bible with the story of Abraham, his wife, Sarah, and her handmaiden, Hagar. In this story, Sarah finds she is unable to conceive and arranges for Abraham to impregnate Hagar, who goes on to conceive Ishmael. There are two types of surrogacy options, one is traditional surrogacy and the other is gestational surrogacy. A traditional surrogate is a woman who donates her own egg and then carries the pregnancy. The surrogates egg is fertilized through artificial insemination with the sperm of the father or a sperm donor. Traditional surrogates are genetically related to the child because their own eggs are used in the process. A gestational surrogate or also known as a gestational carrier, are not biologically or genetically related to the child she carries. Gestational carriers become pregnant through the process of in vitro fertilization, where an embryo or embryos created from the eggs and sperm of the intended parents. Donor eggs and donor sperm are selected by the intended parents are implanted in the uterus for the gestational period of 40 weeks. Intended parents and surrogates have to consider what type of surrogacy arrangement they feel like they are comfortable with. There are two common types of arrangements pertaining to surrogacy, which are commercial and altruistic. In commercial surrogacy the surrogate is paid for her time and effort, any travel involved and related medical expenses not covered by insurance. The chosen surrogate and the intended parents usually dont know each other before the arrangement. In altruistic surrogacy arrangements, the carrier sees no financial gain, and the arrangements are commonly made with relatives or friends of the intended parents. Surrogacy is against the Church’s teaching, they teach that techniques that entail the dissociation of husband and wife, by the intrusion of a person other than the couple (donation of sperm or ovum, surrogate uterus), are gravely immoral. These techniques (heterologous artificial insemination and fertilization) infringe the childs right to be born of a father and mother known to him and bound to each other by marriage. They betray the spouses right to become a father and a mother only through each other (Catechism). The use of a surrogate mother is a process that is thousands of years old. This is proven in the writings of the Bible in the story of Abraham and his wife Sarah, she was infertile. At this time in the earths history, a woman who was childless was often at times shamed by her family and friends. These women would offer their servants to act as a surrogate. The Bible does not specifically forbid the process of surrogacy. The question that you must ask is, whether it is considered to be moral or ethical with keeping children conceived out of love, born from a married couple. The Bible has also been interpreted as stating that children are a gift, not a right. Therefore, God will bless some people with children and others not. Personally I believe surrogacy is an â€Å"okay† practice. Surrogacy ultimately brings joy to the couple and why would god not want us to seek happiness. Surrogacy may seem to be defying God’s will but I think it’s a way of making a precious life out of a bad situation. Being told you will not be able to have your own children is a heart breaking situation. You would never know how it felt until you experience yourself. What gives us the right to judge someone else for wanting a child from their own DNA. If Surrogacy can use one embryo and not kill of the others I think it should be allowed in the church.

Should College Athletes be Paid? Essay -- Essays Papers

Should College Athletes be Paid? Over the past century college athletics have grown more popular than most professional sports. Most of its popularity is due to a large student body in addition to its Alumni, but nonetheless it has surpassed professional sports from its monetary success to its fan support. College athletics are also a very important commodity to Universities around the nation. Next to student's tuition, that's where the majority of the money comes from. No one is more responsible for bringing in that money more than the coach and his/her players. In this notion, one would think that such important people should be paid for a job well done. But this isn't the case. Over the years a question has emerged, should college athletes be paid? After all, college athletics is a job. Some coaches make more than professional coaches. Why shouldn't the players have a chance to do the same? In the article entitled, "Show them the Money", Mark Martinez argues why college athletes should be paid. This is a very simple article for anyone to read. Anyone who is a...

Ang pag-ibig Essay

We live in a time where entrepreneurship is finally a focus of a significant number of colleges and universities, and is even reaching into high schools. The question I have is: why has it taken so long for schools to recognize the importance of, and start teaching, students about entrepreneurship? I am proud to say that I learned a lot from my Entrepreneurship subject specially when you start a business you must start small and end more profit. And specially when Sir Abog said that when you start a business we must have first a business planning execution is where the money is at. Write something short, sweet and to the point and get on with it. I always preach about my One Paragraph Start Up Plan as the best way to get started. I learned also on how Strategic partners are not always good ideas. Before you bring on anyone as a business partner, determine if truly â€Å"partnering† is the best option. Decide if alternatives such as sharing revenue or doing a joint venture are a better fit. Make sure you know everything about the person you wish to partner with, from their political backgrounds to their business ethics. And if you decide to go  ahead and bring on a partner, be sure to create an operating agreement that clearly states what happens in every possible outcome—from a partner leaving to a partner dying. I learned also on how business growth happens in real time. I learned also, no matter how successful you are, accept that you will fail again. Failure is good. It will be your guide to smarter, better decisions. The faster you realize t hat your business will never be perfect and there is no such thing as smooth sailing, you’ll grow as a leader as a result. Learned also practice strategic thinking not planning. The best plans can be made obsolete in a minute. I learned also that Entrepreneurship majors learn how to build, promote, and manage their own businesses. They also learn how to apply their creativity and energy to make existing businesses more productive. Learned on how nearly all entrepreneurship programs will require you to take a class in developing a business plan — the backbone behind any idea. Your plan will discuss your dream business, your goals, and how you plan to achieve them. A plan will show other professionals how good your idea really is. It will also come in handy when you go looking for money to get started. Banks and investors will want to see it before handing over the funds. I realized that if high schools focused on entrepreneurship, freedom would rule the campus. Entrepreneurship gives students, adults, and even children the ability to express themselves. It would give us the opportunity to see how brilliant young minds really can be and the types of ideas, visions, and goals they have. High school entrepreneurship promotes students to focus less on curriculum and more on their passions, which makes the learning experience fun and far more engaging. By focusing on entrepreneurship, students would truly have the option to pursue their dreams. Passion would be the driving force behind what the reality of a future career or advanced education would mean. High schools would be a place to foster creativity and interest, giving students the opportunity to take action and responsibility for creating their future. I learned also what are Business practices about general business practices that are recommended in maintaining the appropriate accountability structure. I learned also on how to cooked Special Bihon, how to sale into the costumers, how to be a good and nice to the costumers. Entrepreneurship subject helps me how to be a future Entrepreneurship soon , helps to learned Business economic development to our country. Learned also what are the 8 consumers rights like Right to Basic Needs, Right to Safety, Right to Information, Right to Choose, Right to Representation, Right to Redress, Right to Consumer Education, and the last Right to a Healthy Environment. Actually I learned a lot in our Entrepreneurship subject and I am thankfull of our beloved teachers Mr. Marjun Abog and also Dr. Lita Ladera-Jomoc for teaching us on how to be a good Entrepreneurship.

Internet connections Essay

The security implications of sharing Internet connections between FTD employees and stuff must be strong in order to assure safety for both the clients and the employees. The main security issue such as data access must be implemented in such a way that the privilege given to the FTD employees which is controlled and manipulated. Controlling the web-browsing habit such as browsing illegal or unwanted web sites need also to be controlled, hence providing user access to email, web sites using password and encryptions is essential. Keeping off the malicious users from accessing valuable information and other external information that can be used against the FTD employees and the authorities needs to be taken under consideration. Sending emails and other attachments must be allowed according to hierarchy of access permissions. Unauthorized access to sensitive data must be prevented by implementing policies and procedures to prevent, detect, contain, and correct security violations. Such prevention needs to be focused on Physical Security, Data Communications Security and Operating systems security. Tools that can be used to enhance the security of computers connected to a network are called a firewall. When selecting firewalls, one must take into account such as easy installation and configuration, report of the attack by identifying time, location and type of attack, good maintenance and monitoring requirements, etc. The firewalls that should be used in the main site are Packet Filtering, Stateful Packet Inspection, Application-Level Proxy and Network Address Translation (NAT). To have a perfectly feasible operation and conduct the most proper ethical business functions is the first priority for most companies and businesses. The most critical issue related with IT is IT security where the objective is to take effective measures to decrease the threats exist today in IT related business such as e-commerce. â€Å"Security and risk management are tightly coupled with quality management and Security measures should be implemented based on risk analysis and in harmony with Quality structures, processes and checklists. † [5]. Today, most companies prefer electronic information over traditional ways of storing and manipulation of information. Data are stored in huge database and process using different front-end software’s form anywhere in the world. â€Å"Security is the protection of information, systems and services against disasters, mistakes and manipulation so that the likelihood and impact of security incidents is minimized. † [5]. IT security is made up of three main categories and they are Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability. Confidentiality is when company or an organization has sensitive information and does not want to disclose such information to anyone outside the company. Integrity is when companies want to update the system to adapt to future needs. As for availability, it is when a business implements a system it needs to make sure the system is up and running when needed. â€Å"A threat is a danger which could affect the security (confidentiality, integrity, availability) of assets, leading to a potential loss or damage. † [5]. Threats such as customer’s information can be disclosed which can affect the credibility of any company; companies information can be hacked by illegally, etc. â€Å"It is often impossible or very difficult to know if you are under attack and from whom and attackers sophistication has increased enormously in the last 5-10 years. † [5] Other threats such as virus development have increased at an alarming rate. However, the most common cause of security problems are as stated â€Å"Human Error 52%, Dishonest people 10%, Technical Sabotage 10%, Fire 15%, Water 10% and Terrorism 3% and many computer crimes Money theft 44%, Damage of software 16%, Theft of information 16%, Alteration of data 12%, Theft of services 10%, Trespass 2%. † [5]. There are many ways to improve the correct securities such as protecting data and information using different sophisticated firewall software, understanding threats and its impact in order to be protected form it, calculating risk and deciding how to eradicate such risk. There are two basic ways to improve security and they are Bottom Up and Top Down. Bottom Up approach is not that precise but in order to implement such approach it is advisable to properly understand company policies, network topology and companies operating procedure.

Why Technological Advances Led to Government Acts

Why Technological Advances Led to Government Acts Outline There have been many changes in the advancement of information technology over the past two decades. Legal acts were created to better classify the rapid changes of technology and to protect the public. Many people find technology confusing, and there are people who take advantage of that weakness.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Why Technological Advances Led to Government Acts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Legal acts were created to protect people from the unknown or the confusing. Two of these necessary acts were the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), created in 1998, and the Controlling the Assault of Non-solicited Pornography and Marketing (CAN-SPAM) Act, created in 2003. At the peak of the technology age, the majority of people, especially children, wanted to be a part of the technology trend. They wanted to join chat groups and message boards. They wanted to be able to contact their friends, and make new friends. The problem was that children often revealed personal information to the wrong people. Children tend to trust what people say. As an example, the child may not realize or even consider that the 12 year old girl they are chatting with could actually be a 40 year old man. They can quickly and easily compromise their personal safety. The Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) protects minor children that are under the age of thirteen. At the time of creation, websites were collecting and using personal information about children, information that could essentially be accessed by anyone. This caused an unsafe potential for public profile viewing. As an example, before the COPPA Act, a child could post on message boards or participate in chat groups alongside adults. This endangered the privacy of the child and put them at risk from harm by online predators. The COPPA act was created to help hide the personal identity of a ch ild. Typically, children cannot be held accountable for sharing their personal information; they do not understand the implications. This act protects the unknowing child from the predator. The Assault of Non-solicited Pornography and Marketing Act (CAN-SPAM) was created to stop the email of unsolicited pornographic material and commercial solicitation. Pornographic emails were seen as predatory and abusive. Spam email was consuming the inbox; approximately half of all emails consisted of unsolicited spam messages.Advertising Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One goal of the CAN-SPAM Act was to eliminate fraud and deception. Another goal was to free the inbox so that people were able to receive email correspondence that they actually wanted. With the mass spamming seen before the act was implemented, there was a risk of losing important messages amidst the junk mail. For some people there was the need for additional email storage, costing them more money. There was also the need for excess time to remove spam from their inbox. Unsolicited email was costly and time consuming; regulation was needed to help people cope with the problem. When technology began to advance quickly, there were problems that arose just as quickly. The government needed to find a way to protect the people before they made a costly mistake. The Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act and the Controlling the Assault of Non-solicited Pornography and Marketing Act were just two acts created to ensure the security of the individual within the nation. People continue to look for the newest and most efficient way to share information; these acts and many others allow them to pursue the advances of technology with less fear. References Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998. (1998). Retrieved from COPPA Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act: coppa.org/coppa.h tm Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing. (2011). Web.

Authentic materials as supplementary materials

Authentic materials as supplementary materials Plagiarism is a practice that involves the using of another person’s intellectual output and presenting it as one’s own’. This includes the presentation of work that has been copied, in whole or part, from other sources (including other students’ work, published books or periodicals, or unpublished works or unauthorized collaboration with other persons), without due acknowledgement. A student found guilty of plagiarism will be subject to some or all of the following: Referral to Course Coordinator for: counseling; submission of further work; use of the services of Student Learning Unit; the placing of a record of the alleged infringement on the student’s file. Referral of the matter to the Head of School for: issuing of written warning; re-submission of work for assessment or the undertaking of another form of assessment such as an oral or unseen examination; allocation of a fail grade to part or all of the assessment; allocation a fail grade to th e subject. Referral of the matter to the Dean for: suspension from the course; official disciplinary action by the University Disciplinary Committee Student Declaration I declare that this assignment is original and has not been submitted for assessment elsewhere. I declare that this assignment is my own work and does not involve plagiarism or collusion. I give my consent for the electronic version to be examined by relevant plagiarism software programs. I have made a photocopy or electronic copy of my assignment, which I can produce if the original is lost for any reason. Signed: ___________ ____________ Dated: / / How to submit Your assignment Students are required to submit their assignment to their lecturer. This should be done in class, but can be done via email or via the mail with prior agreement from the lecturer. Students should ensure they are aware of how and when to submit their assignment by checking with their lecturer before the due date. How to Collect Your Marked As signment Your work should be collected from the lecturer in class or from the VU-HANU Program Coordinator in HCM City, Ms. Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha or in Hanoi, Ms. Nguyen Thai Ha. If work is not returned in class or prior to the end of semester please contact your lecturer or the program coordinator (Mr. Martyn Brogan ) More information about Plagiarism is available from the Faculty of Arts, Education and Human Development Student Information Website: http://www.vu.edu.au/Faculties_and_TAFE/Arts_Education_and_Human_Development/Current_Students/Undergraduates/Faculty_Student_Forms/indexdl_88408.aspx TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I Introduction Research questions CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW Text book 2.1.1 Textbook Description 2.1.2 Textbook Evaluation 2.2 Authentic materials for ESP course book 2.2.4. The role of reading materials 2.2.1. Definition of authentic materials 2.2.2. The role of authentic materials 2.2.3. Advantages of authentic materials 2.2.5. The criteria of selecting readin g authentic materials 2.3. Applying authentic materials in extensive reading program 2.3.1. Applying authentic materials in extensive reading program 2.3.2. Post-reading activities 2.4. Motivations 2.4.1. Definition of motivation 2.4.2. Factors effecting motivation CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Kind of research 3.2 Participants 3.2.1 The researcher 3.2.2 Selection of the subject 3.3 Data collection instruments

Market Net as a New Approach to Providing Marketing Students with a Pl Essay

Market Net as a New Approach to Providing Marketing Students with a Place to Find All the Marketing Knowledge - Essay Example The report, in short, has provided for a clear set of ideas and options for Market Net to improve and increase the traffic to its website. MarketNet is a relatively new initiative to create a network of students and professionals related to the field of marketing and also to provide valuable resources and articles on marketing. This report analyses the target audience both in terms of demographics and psychographics, based on the users of the social network application, Facebook. Then the various strategies to drive traffic to MarketNet are discussed. As the budget is limited, the various cost-effective options and the best way to implement them are also presented. In order to add various articles and content to the site, the marketing resource websites are researched and the four websites that have been found to be potentially useful to MarketNet are listed along with the rationale behind the selection. Finally, a survey development process was undertaken to include within MarketNet , in order to monitor the performance of the website and a rationale for this is also presented. Marketing is a technique which requires being planned well to ensure that it reaches out to the right set of people, i.e., the target market (Dibb & Simkin, 1996). The target market is generally a set or group of people who have one or more common interests. In this case, the target audiences have one thing in common ‘Marketing’. The first most essential criteria for the target market are that they are Facebook users (Holzner, 2008). After which,  Market Net has a chance to reach out to a number of different groups of people. Prospective marketing students, this group will prove to be a beneficial for Market Net, as Facebook is now becoming a very important source of information for students of various courses. This group will consist of people between the age groups of 17 – 22. Market Net can prove to be a source of information for this group of people. Also, this will provide the students with a chance of getting in touch with other students, professionals, and even gain information to various articles that are available on the web to gain a better understanding if this is the correct choice for them.

Graduate Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Graduate Reflection Paper - Essay Example I was very aware of Gardners 7 Intelligences and I attempted to gear as many lessons as possible to different learning styles so that all students were able to grasp the course. This spoke to my ability to accommodate and adapt learning materials. One example, is when I gave an assignment in which I allowed students to express themselves in their own way. Many students said they enjoyed this assignment. I learned about myself as a facilitator. As an example, I found that adults ask many more questions than children. I also found that a facilitator must know the material very well because adults think on their feet. I feel that I have met. In the second criteria (1b), I found it interesting to understand the differences between formal and informal groups. At my job, Ive found informal groups to be those that come together for a brainstorming session or to answer a particular questions that the business must answer. Often, these meet around lunch and they tend to be groups that come together for a short time. They can also come together as social groups. Formal groups usually come together under the direction of the head of the company of a specific supervisors needs. The formal groups must organize larger issues and create change within the company. Groups have a variety of dynamics which may be difficult at times and a group can quickly become dysfunctional depending on the circumstances. As an example, when one person within the group becomes dominant in the group and they are not the leader, the group becomes dysfunctional because no one else has a chance to speak. To bring it back to function, the group leader must be able to maintain a balance between all people within the group. Each individual must be able to bring in their point of view during discussions so that they can feel heard. The many readings in this area helped me become a better facilitator. As an example, The Kolun (2001) article gave several

Critically explore the term postfeminism in relation to any aspect of Essay

Critically explore the term postfeminism in relation to any aspect of contemporary culture in a national context of your choice - Essay Example Others such as Lotz argue that post-feminism is a part of third wave feminism (2001). According to Lotz, post-feminism includes poststructuralism and women-of-colour feminism influenced by poststructuralist, postmodern and postcolonial ideologies. In another representation of post-feminism, Rachel Moseley, a media critic sees post-feminism as a â€Å"re-evaluation of the tension which was often thought to exist between feminism and femininity† (Richardson 2006, p. 163). By this, she implies that post-feminism puts feminity (such as glamour and sexual objectification of women) back into feminist politics that originally are against feminity. 6 Some critics such as Tania Modleski take an opposite stance and argue that post-feminism is in fact discarding the achievements of second wave feminists by â€Å"delivering us back to a prefeminist world† (Richardson 2006, p. 164). Thus, there are paradoxical and opposing representations of the term ‘post-feminism’ and this contradiction is also reflected in the characters played in contemporary media. 6 The first use of the term ‘post-feminism’ was in 1920s press when it stated that feminist activism was not needed any longer and that a post-feminist era had dawned (Lotz 2001). The term’s critical academic use was in the post-second-wave era when it was defined as an emerging ideology and culture which incorporated, depoliticized and revised a large number of fundamental issues put forth by second-wave feminism (Lotz 2001). Faludi later on used the term to state that women no longer cared about feminism (McRobbie 2004). 6 Authors have debated post-feminism in terms of gender politics in popular magazines such as Time and People. However, there is no shared understanding of this term and its theoretical explorations are very expansive and unclear. Earlier representations of women in media, such as Mary Richards in The Mary Tyler Moore Show during the 1980s and 90s

Unilever Pakistan: Motivation From HRM

Unilever Pakistan: Motivation From HRM Introduction: There is no doubt that organizations in the modern world have placed great importance in the development of the human resource management. This is because organizations seek to select, hire, retain and staff the best talent to the workforce. Rewards strategies are one of the main functions of human resource management. Indeed, these functions are set to increase the motivation of their workforce and avoid any dissatisfaction that may occur to the employees. Different theories of motivation were thought of to explain and analyze the behavior of employees. In addition, many reward strategies were practiced in order to increase the motivation of employees and allure them. The main aim of this paper is the chance to explore how multinational organization of Unilever in Pakistan increases the motivation of their employees and deal with any dissatisfaction through the use of reward systems as Unilever Pakistan facing HR problem of lack of proper reward system for the motivation of employee s and supervisors. Since the constraints of the situation are demanding that the research is conducted through the HR managers of Unilever Pakistan to be included in the research it has been decided that Maslow Hierarchy of Needs is the most appropriate vehicle for testing the impact of rewards. In Unilever Pakistan HR managers are responsible for assessing levels of motivation in the workforce and this will normally be a subjective assessment of levels by groups and not by individuals we feel that this reinforces the choice of Maslows theory for the purpose of the research. Background of Unilever Pakistan: Unilever Pakistan Limited is a multinational organization. Unilever PLC London is its parent group. Unilever is a European based company with command center in London, and their shares are quoted at the stock substitute of several European countries. They deal in all kinds of harvest from animal foodstuff to foods and detergents plus other personal and consumer products. The organizational structure of Unilever Pakistan consists that Unilever has its subsidiaries in over 80 countries of the world, to which it spreads its vast understanding and resources.Unilever has 500 working companies in 80 countries. It has 0.3 million employees and proceeds of sales in 23000 million pounds. Unilever has around 2000 employees in Pakistan. Interventions: The interventions relevant to the situation of reward system in Unilever are as follows: LINK BETWEEN MOTIVATION AND REWARD: To assess the link between motivation and reward of multinational organization of Unilever in Pakistan. The results indicate that there is an enormous link between motivation and reward. At Unilever Pakistan the best way to ensure continuous growth in peoples performance is to constituent a Reward system and the reward system must emphasis on positive reinforcement as it is the most successful mean to motivate preferred behavior. By positive reinforcement at Unilever Pakistan people put in more effort in work so that they may achieve a reward of their hard work and reward system ensure that their hard work doesnt go uncompensated. So it clearly indicates that at Unilever Pakistan there is an enormous link between motivation and reward. A well planned and efficient reward system when managed effectively would result into smooth organizations change process hence positive reinforcement of the desired behavior would enhance the performance which proves our research objective of extensiv e link between motivation and reward. Whenever the word Motivation is used, the first theory that hits the thought is the Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs. He investigated the human behaviors and pointed out five basic needs of human psychology and existence in a hierarchy. These basic needs (physiological, safety, social, self esteem and self actualization or self fulfillment) can be considered basic goals for any human. These basic needs or goals have been prioritized into ranking and elaborate the pattern in which humans go for these in their lives (Goble, 2004). Mans foremost struggle arises for its existence and as per Maslow, physiological (hunger, sleep, sex etc.) and safety or protection needs reflect the same efforts. As first need is satisfied the demand for the next one arises and gradually the aim is shifted through these needs one by one and finally reaches self actualization. Although, virtually all of these five needs exist in every one, but the realization of the need only comes when the human fulfils the general criteria to get qualified for that specific need. In-fact, the real variable that builds the ground for the qualification is the satisfaction of previous needs. According to the study, Job satisfaction of Employees Horticulture Case studies in Michigan, it has been proved that the supervisors and non supervisory employees differ regarding their satisfaction with job components. Supervisors see job security, attainment, interpersonal relations and supervision as the most satisfying factors at workplace. They perceive the job itself and the company as ambiguous factors while the compensation and working conditions as the hygiene factors. Supervisors are apt to be less displeased with their rewards (Sara , Barry Kathleen, 2004). One of the most rejoiced solution of this HR problem is that rewards by the employees at Unilever Pakistan can be awarding them with paid leave by their supervisors as the acknowledgement of their commendable performance. Along with that Supervisors must be rewarded with salary increment within the approved salary range of their positions. Organization at Unilever Pakistan must facilitate their supervisor to have an authority to reward their employees with annual merit increment due to their praiseworthy work which has brought about considerable benefit to the organization or department. Key words: Positive reinforcement, behavior, reward, motivation REWARDS STRATEGIES TO INCREASE MOTIVATION: To assess the extent to which organizations attempt to use their reward strategies to increase motivation of their supervisors at multinational organization of Unilever in Pakistan. Unilever Pakistan implementing performance management process must also not lose track of variables which are critical for its success and evaluate them at pre defines regular intervals. Feedbacks must be depicted in charts in timely manner; performers must be valued through some token of appreciation. Performers reviews must be use as an opportunity to reflect how winning can be possible in achieving goals and which practices must be adopted and these reviews must be as frequent as possible so that the learning is fortified. Always set many closely achievable milestones instead of quarterly achievable milestones and whenever those milestones are attained celebrate them. There must be some other source of feedback other than annual performance appraisals. Keep in mind while designing your organizations pr ogram to be as original and unique as possible and avoid the design to just comprise of forms. (Reference: Pinder. C.:(1984) Work and motivation; University of brutish Columbia;, Foresman and company. ) Three assumptions formulate Adams equity theory. First, beliefs that are developed by people hold that the fair they receive is equitable to the contributions they made for their work. Secondly, the theory suggests that employee compare their input and output with and the benefit they received with other employees input and output. Finally, if an inequality is existed then this will lead to the dissatisfaction of the employees (Pinder 1984). Therefore, this theory gives HR manager some guidelines in to design a reward system that can be perceived as equable by employees and avoid any dissatisfaction (Richard, 2008). Hertzberg provided five motivators in the workplace: recognition, achievement, advancement, responsibility and the work itself. He differentiated motivators and hygiene factors by suggesting that motivators aim achieving job satisfaction in the long run but hygiene factors are focused on short term satisfaction of the employees (GÃ ³mez Crowther, 2007). HR managers use different strategies to reward different class of employees depending upon their job nature, competencies, skills, knowledge, performance and their contribution in the productivity of the organization. In terms of best practice, different policies of HR are only suitable in different circumstances (thrope and Homan 2000). Following are some general practices in this regard: These rewards may be monetary as well as nonmonetary (Nelson, 2005). Longevity pay plans Pay for performance strategies Pay work skills and knowledge Team based pay packages to promote team efforts Individual pay plans Compensation plans for Executives Incentives Profit sharing in terms of merit based bonuses or by giving ownership share through stocks Offering perks and fringe benefits Providing healthy job environment, flexible working hours, interpersonal and recreational activities etc. Rewards are given to emphasize or reinforce the certain attributes like performance and loyalty etc. depending upon the strategic goals of the organizations. The nature of attributes and rewards varies from organization to organization. Key words: Motivation, reward, physiology RECOMMENDATIONS FOR POSSIBLE CHANGES: REWARDING AND MOTIVATION: To make recommendations for possible changes to practice at multinational organization of Unilever in Pakistan. Certain sets of criteria are designed keeping in mind all the salient aspects which are needed to be catered in designing and evaluating programs. Specific: Ambiguity emerges when there are unclear instructions about the rewards and their required actions and this creates a negative sense for the organization in the heart and mind of the people. Keeping it simple, clear and specific helps remove ambiguity and hence strengthening the overall program. Meaningful: Rewarded achievements should carry a significant return over investment for both the performer and the organization. The rewards must be specified for an achievement which has any significant impact on organizational progress as well as performers personal or professional life. Achievable: If goals are unrealistically high to achieve then those propagates negative reinforcement within the employees so while setting the goal for any individual or group of employees it should be kept in mind that those goal must fall within the boundary of achievable. Reliable: The program designed must follow its rules and procedures accordingly. Any Exceptions must be dealt with certain pre-defined steps which are specified in the programs design. Timely: Time factor is very keen in positive reinforcement. The Reward system heavily relies on rewarding the performers at the right time for their hard work so that they can feel esteemed. Certain intervals must be specified onto which the performers would be rewarded. At Unilever Pakistan supervisors appraisal are top of the list when it comes to positively reinforce and motivate the employees. Supervisors at Unilever Pakistan must acknowledge employees contribution both verbally and in written either personally or with an electronic aid although the personal interaction is much more effective and employees feel valued and recognized for their effort and contribution. Another solution is that supervisors at Unilever Pakistan must be provided with opportunity to increase their professional expertise and skills by letting them participate in educational programs and workshops. It is very important for professional growth and development opportunities at Unilever Pakistan. As employees at Unilever Pakistan would develop new skills, organization can have additional benefit from it. (Reference: Bruce, Anne Pepitone, James S.(1998) Motivating employees., McGraw-Hill Professional,.) Bruce and Pepitone (1998) provide that motivation is the inner drive that compels a person to behave in a particular pattern. People have different needs which they require to satisfy through different means. People are motivated when their needs are satisfied. When people are in need they seek opportunities which can satisfy them. The urge to get satisfaction drives a person to achieve something. Therefore, the existence of needs motivates individuals to work hard to achieve goals and objectives. Various theories of motivation explain the influence of rewards on the behavior of individuals and teams (Armstrong 2002). Motivation determines the performance of activities within the organization. The behavior of individuals is shaped by the motivators since people seek factors which improve their work conditions. Satisfaction of one need leads to the demand for another need according to Abraham Maslow (McClelland, 1987). There are both intrinsic and extrinsic factors which motivate an i ndividual to behave in a particular manner. Intrinsic factors emanate from within the person and give a person the will to achieve more. Extrinsic factors originate from the environment in which a person lives (Goble, 2004). Bruce and Pepitone (1998) were of the opinion that there are two categories of motivational factors: Intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors refer to the inner feeling that a person has about the place of work. Extrinsic factors are the external factors which motivate an employee. Extrinsic factors include rewards, promotion, recognition and others. Employees work harder when their welfare is put into consideration by their managers. According to Bogardus (2009) employees are not only motivated by the wages they receive from the organizations but also motivated by many other factors within the environment of the organization. Therefore, in an organization the employees have different personalities, attitudes, responsibilities and views. Employees require different motivation strategies to ensure they improve their performance and work for a long duration of time (GÃ ³mez Crowther, 2007). Finally, reward systems are developed to cater the requirements of any organization in a specific manner because it is considered that they directly affect the efficiency of employees by motivating or de-motivating them (Sara, Barry Kathleen, 2004). Further to the discussion, the later part of the review will cover the various theories of motivation. Key words: Motivation, reward, performance Conclusion: I analyzed that to achieve Unilever Pakistan goals and to bring out the required results from the employees it is highly necessary that they are kept highly motivated and should be provided with such an environment in which their motivation is not only keep intact but also flourish. To attain this environment and to stimulate their motivation I figured out that positive reinforcement through rewards and performance appraisal system can prove very much beneficial. While above we discuss what kind of rewards could be employed and what criteria should performance appraisal system must abide to enhance motivational environment of the organization, here are list of few steps that a manager can take himself apart from all the organizational process and procedure to keep a clear check, balance and knowledge about the motivating factors of his employees. Dont just stick to theory. Implement it practically because just reading the articles or research wont help until it is put in practice. Analyze your own set of factors that keeps you motivated in the organizations. This would help you understand other employees factors as well. Identify the factors and then take input from the employees. It can also be done through a survey forms. Work with each employee to include their motivational factors into the reward system. Improve your interpersonal relationship with each employee and try to nurture the skill to delegate in every employee. Rewards must not be lingered for long. They must be awarded as soon as the desired behavior or the reward criteria is achieved by the employees. Late rewards have negative impact on motivation of the employees.

Agatha Christie Biography :: essays research papers

Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller Christy (September 15, 1890 - January 12, 1976), was a British crime fiction writer. Christy published over eighty books and other works, mainly whodunits. While her work is not considered part of the literary canon, she is a major figure in detective fiction. In particular, The Murder of Roger Ackroyd is noted for its use of narrative and its twist on the established genre. Most of her books and short stories have been filmed, some many times over (Murder on the Orient Express, Death on the Nile, 4.50 from Paddington). The BBC has made television versions of most of the Poirot and Marple stories. She also used the pen name Mary Westmacott for romantic novels. She was married to Sir Max Mallowan, a British archaeologist, which contributed background to several of her novels set in the Middle East. Other novels were set in Torquay, Devon, where she was born. During World War I she worked as a pharmacist, a job that also influenced her work: many of the murders in her books are carried out with poison. In December 1926 she disappeared for eleven days and caused quite a storm in the press. Opinions are still divided as to whether this was a publicity stunt or an emotional breakdown. Famous characters include Hercule Poirot and Jane Marple. Her stage play The Mousetrap holds the record for the longest run ever in London, opening in London in November 1952 and still running after 50 years and more than 20,000 performances. Sir Richard Attenborough, who was in the original production, participated in an anniversary performance: "It lasted so long because it is a bloody good play. Agatha Christy is very, very clever indeed." Two of her novels were written at the height of her career, but held back until after her death: they were the last cases of Poirot and Miss Marple. Agatha Christie Biography :: essays research papers Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller Christy (September 15, 1890 - January 12, 1976), was a British crime fiction writer. Christy published over eighty books and other works, mainly whodunits. While her work is not considered part of the literary canon, she is a major figure in detective fiction. In particular, The Murder of Roger Ackroyd is noted for its use of narrative and its twist on the established genre. Most of her books and short stories have been filmed, some many times over (Murder on the Orient Express, Death on the Nile, 4.50 from Paddington). The BBC has made television versions of most of the Poirot and Marple stories. She also used the pen name Mary Westmacott for romantic novels. She was married to Sir Max Mallowan, a British archaeologist, which contributed background to several of her novels set in the Middle East. Other novels were set in Torquay, Devon, where she was born. During World War I she worked as a pharmacist, a job that also influenced her work: many of the murders in her books are carried out with poison. In December 1926 she disappeared for eleven days and caused quite a storm in the press. Opinions are still divided as to whether this was a publicity stunt or an emotional breakdown. Famous characters include Hercule Poirot and Jane Marple. Her stage play The Mousetrap holds the record for the longest run ever in London, opening in London in November 1952 and still running after 50 years and more than 20,000 performances. Sir Richard Attenborough, who was in the original production, participated in an anniversary performance: "It lasted so long because it is a bloody good play. Agatha Christy is very, very clever indeed." Two of her novels were written at the height of her career, but held back until after her death: they were the last cases of Poirot and Miss Marple.