Ethical Issues of Genetic Research Essay - 1268 Words

Scientific and technological advances are the products of mans inherent desire to improve the society in which he lives. Such progress often accompanies an expansion of intellectual boundaries. As one acquires knowledge, one also encounters new opportunities to be explored. This is true in the area of human genome research. The implications of The Human Genome Project and other attempts to further understand the human genetic code clearly demonstrate the basic principles of social benefit versus social cost. The desired effect is obviously one in which the benefits significantly outweigh the costs. The actual impact of such technology, however, remains only an estimate until this scientific advancement becomes a reality. It is out†¦show more content†¦Once the replacement gene is integrated in cells inside the patient, the cells and the insertion agent are irretrievable. The inserted gene will be an addition, not a substitute, for the defective gene. Problems may, therefore, arise if the supplementary genetic material alters the cells regulatory pathways(232) and produces undesirable consequences. For if the therapy performed is on germ-line cells, adverse effects may influence multiple generations of people. But many view these risks as subordinate to the potential of gene therapy to help reduce and eliminate the social burden of genetic disorders. The ability of gene therapy to affect such disorders,however, is restricted to those caused by recessive X-linked or autosomal mutations. The realm of efficacy for treatment includes individuals afflicted with common disorders such as haemophilia, color blindness, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, phenylketonuria (PKU), cystic fibrosis, sickle-cell anemia, and Tay-Sachs disease(226-7). The treatment of such disorders must be monitored so that the replacement gene, once inserted, will be expressed at the appropriate time and place, and in the correct quantity(229). Improvements on regulatory techniques are then necessary to enhance the effectiveness of gene therapy. Furthermore, the effectiveness of such techniques is exceeded by the vast majority of the population afflicted with genetic disorders caused byShow MoreRelatedEthics And The Field Of Hea lthcare1542 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Issues Related to Genetics in Nursing Genetic research is imperative to the field of healthcare. Genetic research enables healthcare providers to have a better understanding of many genetic diseases and the components of those diseases. This research aids in early detection, prevention, treatments, and sometimes cures. Without the use of genetic research, healthcare would be at a standstill. Genetic and genome healthcare is a powerful tool. As with anything powerful, it often puts theRead MoreThe Issues Of Gene Technology867 Words   |  4 PagesIssues of gene technology include inappropriate applications, religious issues, and what gives us the right to use such technology. The problems on society include disagreements among different groups of people based on views and opinions. There can economic problems when dealing with genetically modified foods. Legislation mainly focuses on HIPAA and the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA). They protect information and prohibit genetic discrimination in h ealth insurance and employmentRead MoreThe Field Of Reproductive Technology1484 Words   |  6 PagesToday’s culture has a growing fascination with biotechnology and genetic engineering. This is especially true within the field of reproductive technology. 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In Henrietta Lacks case, the European researchers took down their public data, and the publication of the University of Washington paper was stopped due to they did not get family’s permission (SklootRead MoreRecent Developments In Gene Editing, Concerning The Modification1447 Words   |  6 Pages Abstract This essay addresses the question â€Å"In light of the recent developments with iPS cells, is the genetic modification of human embryos justified?†. New gene editing software CRISPR has created cheaper and more accurate modification, making the editing of an embryo a possibility. There are concerns about this advancement as it is the changing of our DNA, with this having ethical consequences that some judge as unacceptable. Recent experiments have also produced alternative use of this technologyRead MoreThe Legal Ownership Of A Cell1092 Words   |  5 PagesI. Introduction A. The main concern is whether individuals have legal ownership of the cells that are extracted from their bodies and used for research. Should people who donated their cells be compensated for the findings based off them? To what extent do people have control and benefits from donating their cells to science? Who has the right to have access to other people’s cells and for what purposes will they be justified and legal? B. Henrietta Lacks was the unwitting donor of the cells thatRead MorePros And Cons Of Genetic Engineering1101 Words   |  5 PagesGenetic engineering brings about great and marvelous things, yet it raised many ethical issues. Some encourage research, while others oppose against such a bizarre idea. Their arguments revolve around impacts on the environment, humans, and social values. This paper seeks to give an account of these issues and present a possible moral compromise. Ecological problems may be caused when genetically engineered species are introduced. It may offset the natural balance of a system and may even lead toRead MoreEssay Genetic Testing - Are the Benefits Worth the Risks?1585 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic Testing - Are the Benefits Worth the Risks? In 2001 The Human Genome Project was completed giving us the make up of the entire human genome. Science can now tell what color your eyes are, what gender you are, and what diseases you have just by extracting one strand of DNA. The question I propose to you now is; do you really want to know? Is it a good thing to know that you will get a disease that will eat away your mind, and cripple you till you wither away at the early age of 43 (HuntingtonRead MoreEssay On Biological Tissues835 Words   |  4 Pages(Anderlik, 2003; Rose, 2001). Government agencies such the U.K. Medical Research Council gives funding for biobanks in concerned with tissues and genomes (e.g., brain banks). On the other hand, the cost of maintaining biobanks and its storage brings a huge issue in the monetary funding just like the U.K. government made a joint partnership with Wellcome Trust, the Department of Health, the Scottish Executive, the Medical Research Council, and the Northwest Regional Development Ag ency. As recorded inRead MoreThe Controversy Of Eugenics And Genetic Engineering1632 Words   |  7 Pagesspecies undergoing changes that suit their environment through multiple generations. However, in the last 150 years, humanity has made great strides in the science of genetics. In that time, there have been some subjects that have been highly controversial: eugenics and genetic engineering. The history of these topics is colored with ethical and moral quandaries that have been topics for fierce debates since the early 1900s, and they continue to this day. Eugenics was defined by Francis Galton as â€Å"the

Hhielmsn Free Essays

In this, and subsequent descriptions of the trenches, I may lay myself open to the charge of exaggeration. But it must be remembered that I am describing trench life in the early days of 1914, and I feel sure that those who had experience of them will acquit me of any such charge. To give a recipe for getting a rough idea, in case you want to, I recommend the following procedure. We will write a custom essay sample on Hhielmsn or any similar topic only for you Order Now Select a flat ten-acre ploughed field, so sited that all the surface water of the surrounding country drains into it. Now cut a zig-zag slot about four feet deep and three feet wide diagonally across, dam off as much water as you can so as o leave about one hundred yards of squelchy mud; delve out a hole at one side of the slot, then endeavour to live there for a month on bully beef and damp biscuits, whilst a friend has instructions to fire at you with his Winchester every time you put your head above the surface. Well, here I was anyway, and the next thing was to make the bets of it. As I have before said, these were the days of the earliest trenches in this war; days when we had none of those â€Å"props† such as corrugated iron, floorboards, and sand bags. When you made a dug-out in those days you made it out of anything you could find, and generally had to make it yourself. Some British soldiers found that captured German trenches were better built than British ones – as H S Clapham wrote after a successful attack How to cite Hhielmsn, Papers

Cloud Computing and Enterprise Resource - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cloud Computing and Enterprise Resource. Answer: Introduction: The following report is represented in the form of a risk assessment performed on the IT department of Aztech with respect to the project proposal given by strategist to deploy the BYOD within Aztechs workplace environment. The report is generated post-consideration of a collection of project portfolios in the hands of senior executives. Risk assessment has been conducted keeping in mind the nature of industry the company operates in and its workforce strength. The assessment also covers the legal frameworks, financial dimensions and security concerns over the use of Bring Your Own Device while identifying the potential risks that can hamper the companys survival in the long run. To summarise the above points, the evaluation has identified the risk of data security as the most vulnerable one in the entire risk domain for companies operating within financial service sector. The modern organisations that operate in the 21st century have seen a lot of advancements in the field of Information and Communication technology. The ICT has been used extensively in various areas to make the business processes easier to conduct. Almost all the private and government sectors have adopted a series of IT applications and system software to facilitate their day-to-day departmental operations and improve the efficiency of whatever they carry out. The adoption has also been international and this thing get complicated with a lots of integrated functionalities associated with a single IT infrastructure. In the private organisations that offer financial services, accuracy and precision with numerical figures become highly significant because the same yields productivity for clients. For getting calculative and keeping electronic records of everything, the organisational departments use the Enterprise Resource Planning or the ERP methods, cloud computation, tools utilitie s for data analytics, secured or encrypted gateways for money transactions, digitized communication, integration of different software for coordinated operations and many more things. A well-recognised use of IT applications can be observed in place where the investment options are dematerialized. It has provided a successful dimension for the relevant industry. All Australian organisations that offer financial services have emerged as strong portion of the countrys economy for years. This is evident from the way organisations could face the global financial crisis between the year 2008 and 2011. These organisations have already developed high degree of readiness for meeting the present regulations and technological barriers of the present century. Additionally the environmental challenges are also offered through stringent standards and regulatory bodies. It becomes an obligation to demonstrate higher degree of compliance with the government as well as the society when the demograp hic and cultural dimensions witness quick changes. Technological trends make way for modified rules and regulations on the use of social media, platforms utilized in cell phones, data security, system changes at the core-level etc. Thus, the risk assessment of financial service providers in Australia becomes tough to conduct because multiple changes at once (Saini, et al 2011). It was highly recommended by Drucker, the notable man behind management principles that business organisations of any size should analyse the market and anticipate the potential changes that could either lift or decline their current rate of commercial success. He emphasised on capitalizing on the opportunities so that any type of business project can be effectively executed. This report is designed to carry out an analysis of the risks and opportunities associated with the previously mentioned IT project in Aztek Corporation which operates in the financial service sector of Australia. Background to the Case Study Aztech Corporation holds the position as one of the leading organisations in Australian Financial market. After its incorporation in the year 1960, it established its corporate office in the district of Sydney and the office soon became operational. The business firm deals in an extended range of financial services which includes primarily general and life insurances. It also offers investment products to retailers and other members of corporations who are active in equity and debt business. Apart from that, it also has a wide range of mortgage and loan services for specific consumers who comprise a dominant part of its Aztechs product segment. Presently, the company owns 20 regional offices where over a thousand employees have been working. As of the year 2014, the company has a fair reputation in financial sector of Australia and is on the progress of achieving high CSR or Corporate Social Responsibility in its operational regions. The reaction of the company to capricious changes in the IT infrastructure and trends has been proactive since it develops and upgrades its applications to meet the extended requirements from time to time. Aztech became the first of its kind to introduce the online payment services in the year 1999 by featuring secured and gateways that are end-to-end encrypted. Introduction of payment gateways was a convenient factor for the investors who could execute their business affairs from any location without facing geographical barriers. When the company introduced the SAP Enterprise Resource Planning systems in the year 2005, things took a slanted direction and the firm started observing increased efficiency of interdepartmental functions. Aztechs segment of business and its administrative offices were linked together based on a real time environment. Its operations became more transparent thus creating higher appeals to clients hailing from corporate and retail sectors. Aztechs official website is secured and requires both its clients and its employees to register themselves with the site. While the clients and employees are remotely located at their respective places, their system IPs are tracked by the ERP system incorporated within the organisations main server. The login information of employees is recorded for attendance purposes once they access their registered accounts. The application software installed in each of the employees and clients systems is designed to filter the users by means of a distinctive passcode. For instance, the interface present inside a clients system or an employees system would not allow the data regarding loan products to be accessed by someone who is associated with the department of insurance. By accessing the companys primary website, a registered user can have access to relevant information pertaining to investments and loan products. He/she can also do purchasing on the same platform without needing the employees to get involved. The process is quite automated but the same is made possible because of a series of interconnected software, database and payment gateways that make registration and online transactions possible. The rules and regulations laid down by the Australian government comes into play in the trade cycle around each kind of investment and the trade business policies are defined separately for each of the investment option. The differences in rules are as per the legislation drafted by the Australian Commission of Securities and Investments. The transactions of various clients in Aztech are carried out the companys concerned IT department by means of virtual management. The registered bank account of each client is linked to his/her respective dematerialization account. This provides the clients with suitable interface for making investments in various financial instruments from their personal locations. Even with such smoothness of virtual operations, the overall IT infrastructure of the company is kept simple for attracting large number of retail and corporate investors. Indeed, it is a well-known fact that technical complexities even on a computer screen can turn down prospects because of individuals apprehension of financial losses. On the other hand, application software that provides a friendly interface and easily understandable functionalities is likely to appeal to any client. Aztech has its own dedicated department for resolving the customer grievances and responding to their business-related queries. The Customer Service Executives provide real-time support by means of telephonic conversation and the voice interactions are stored securely as digital data in the companys database. The organisations website meant for online trading is kept updated on hourly basis for delivering real-time information related to exchanges and buying selling values of different commodities tha t are traded. To remain competitive in todays global arena, it is highly expected of an organisation to have a competitive IT infrastructure and professionals (Campbell, et al 2010). The BYOD project proposed by strategist refers to the concept of Bring Your Own Device. It implies that the employees of an organisation can bring their own personal devices to the workplace for accomplishing their assigned jobs. These devices may include the personal laptops, cell phones, PDAs, tablets or any other device that supports an interface for office works. In case of Aztech, the works correspond to trading, business analytics, database management and handling of transactions. Several companies around the globe have already adopted such an idea in their workplaces. The thing to notice is that the personal devices act as the sole devices that their respective owners rely upon. However, this does not lower the essence of virtually located applications because devices only act as individual hardware. There is always an underlying need of integrating these personal devices with the ERP applications that support the business activities. Precisely, employees are only advantaged i n accessing the virtual intranet or extranet of a corporation through their personal devices (Leavitt, 2013). The concept of BYOD has three critical dimensions that need compliance for such kind of projects to be adopted at a conventional workplace. The first critical dimension underlines the need of common or generic application software that is capable of running smoothly in diverse range of personal devices that different employees might bring. Compatibility and functioning becomes an issue when either the operating systems are differently designed or the hardware incorporated in a particular device does not fulfil the requirements for an application to function. The issue of a common interface also becomes an issue in case the implemented technologies have generational gap. With employee strength of over 1000, a company can never expect the employees to have a single kind of device with everyone. The second critical dimension highlights the companys obligation for drafting a customized policy that addresses the range of usage associated with personal devices within the workplace setting to cover up for the degree of accessibility vested in each executive. This is to assure that the sensitive data within the office database is not compromised at any cost. The policies are to be stringent when the count of employees is large and there is high possibility for anonymous access. The third dimension has its criticality defined along the mutual agreement arrived at by the owners and managers on one side and the employees on the other, regarding acknowledgment in terms of legal aspects of using personal devices in the companys workplace setting. The third one depends on the policies frames as per the business owners want. BYOD do have certain advantages that are convincing when it comes to rapid adoption of new technologies, reduced cost of IT infrastructure post-implementation of it and increased level of operational flexibility. However, it also increases the number of subtle risks that an organisation often will not detect while performing its business operations. Bringing personal devices to the workplace has 3 different kinds of implications that are quite sensitive with regards to the business process being carried out. In the relevant case of Aztech Corporation, it indicates the financial services offered by the company to retail and corporate investors. Legal Implications The Australian Act of Freedom to Information which was introduced in the year 1982. Initially the legislation of FOI appeared simple but over 30 years after its introduction, the Act became overhauled. It has so far encouraged the culture of information disclosure across government sector and the same is nearly applicable to the private sectors also (Stewart, 2015). This legislation primarily scrutinizes the effectiveness of BYOD in any organisation and to what extent the control can be implemented without any hassle. The degree of control being referred to in this case require Aztech to comply with all the legal obligations, so basically it increases the risk of liabilities for the company in context with the employees assigned with jobs to be performed at the workplace. Personal devices in fact, provide a higher degree of freedom to their respective owners but such freedom may not be required as far as the office works and confidentiality are concerned. The increase in liability wi ll actually be accounted for by the licensing of generic software application required to run all the personal devices in a similar manner, the inadvertent damage that is supposed to be introduced to an employees personal files, the undesired investigation procedures that can breach an employees privacy and the companys request for any response to incidents. In any of the mentioned factor, personal devices compromise with the privacy of an employee and Aztech Corporation shall be no exception. The Australian Act for Privacy introduced brought in the year 1988 has a negative impact on the BYOD project to perform effectively at Aztech Corporation. An analysis of the pros and cons of the aforementioned Act reveals that in case the personal data is compromised, the company is at a position to mitigate the consequences resulting out of breach of personal data (Iqbal, 2012). The Archive Act of 1983 also affects the implementation of such a project of BYOD within Aztechs workplace. The Act was established by the NAA or the National Archive of Australia in the year 1983 with a key motive to assist the governmental agencies to perform management of significant records and make 20 years old record to be available to the general public. The record refers to written documentations, digital content, audios and video files of any nature within the listed spectrum. However, the act serves disadvantageous for private companies like that of Aztech. Once a corporate file gets corrupted within an employees personal device, the only solution as per the Act is to extract the data from a pile of records that might be too sensitive from a employees consideration. The decision-making regarding the preservation of corporate data would involves all employees which would result in ambiguity and delay in the process. The process of using personal devices to minimize the workload would go against the very sole concept of BYOD (Downer Bhattacharya, 2015). The concept of BYOD might sound beneficial to Aztech when it comes to reduced cost of hardware but that can be achieved only when the employees agree to pay for their own personal devices. This is not highly practical case as rarely an employee would voluntarily invest his/her personal money to buy something that supports the professional activities which are anyway the responsibility of the company and not any individual. However, from a separate perspective, the reduced cost of hardware implementation can be far outweighed by the technical infrastructure that would be required to support a large number of personally diversified devices within a workplace. Employees at Aztech primarily carry out operations related to buying and selling of market shares, transfer of money and registration of clients. These processes obviously require a common digital platform and an interface to run smoothly in each of the personal devices present within the companys workplace. Disparity is highly sp eculated because of some will arrive with laptops and PDAs while some may be confined to only cell phones that run on OSS or Open Source Software. To exacerbate this, further disparity among the handsets operating systems can complicate the gross budget developed for technological implementation. In similar cases, the BYOD also opens multiple loopholes for breach of security. Lastly, in some case even the employees might be required to compromise with their devices originality when extra devices are required for performing specific business activities (DoD, 2014). Security-Related Implications These implications are high because it correlates various other considerations apart from just IT infrastructure, the size of a company or the nature of business it conducts. These implications also take into account the nature of data already present in the personal devices that the employees are supposed to carry to the workplace. For example, in Aztech Corporation, the employees might pertain to certain software that is unapproved or not reviewed. In such cases, the corporate data which is sensitive is totally unprotected and therefore can be mishandled or leaked while an employee is at his personal location. The anonymous users of corporate data thus points towards the peer group that an employee stays with like his/her family members, relatives or close friends. Even there are possibilities of data to be stolen in case a particular device is exposed to third party. This is not practical because the financial information of clients that Aztech deals with, cannot be compromised un der any circumstances. The data would contain a lot of sensitive information like the personal bank accounts details, the transactions performed and even the encrypted information. Third party cloud services are also not a solution to the above problem because there are a plethora of users who are linked with third party cloud service-providers. In a separate context, Aztech being a private business organisation can also be questioned on its integrity if the security postures of the permitted personal devices are weak. At last, the professionals in financial service sector might not be experts on IT security and therefore their personal management of security risks is far different from the corporate management which utilizes either an intranet or an extranet along with a centralized and protected server (Carden, 2012). In the process of ICT management, most of the business organisations keep on striving to develop the most efficient strategies that could be brought to effect at their respective workplaces. BYOD technically creates a link or bridges the gap among technologies, organisational policies and the resources within the IT departments. The resources here in case of Aztech shall imply the personal smart phones, laptops, tablets and PDAs. But there are underlying risks to BYOD project that are not understood by many. At the most basic level, the major risk of BYOD is strongly associated with the smartphones that the employees are supposed to use while staying at Aztechs regional offices and the corporate office. According to a report published by EYGM (2013), there are 14 major challenges that emerge when a BYOD is being deployed. Out of these challenges, the major barriers will be brought by 4 top most concerning factors. Considering the case of Aztech Corporation, there will be 3 intermedia te barriers and the remaining 7 are adjustable or they can be mitigated by strategic approaches. The Major Risks Security Protocols on Employees Smartphones 63% - 67% Security Protocols in case of Data Breach 57% - 61% Security Concerns related to Mobile Data Network 53% - 56% Security Aspects of Handset Application Software 49% - 51% The Moderate Risks Integration of Technologies with the Back-end Systems of Aztech Financial 25%- 28% The Executive Sponsorship 21% - 23% Defining the Limit of Application Usage on Employees Personal Handsets 23% - 27% The Least Risk Factors that can be mitigated Training Costs Incurred for Financial Service Using BYOD Concept 7% - 10% Regulations that are Country Specific (Australia) 15% - 19% Return of Investment in case of BYOD Project 13% - 16% Expenditures in Implementation of Specific Upgraded Applications 15%- 18% Costs Involved in Development of Smart Phone Applications meant for Employees and some other relevant Stakeholders 5% - 8% Requirements of Regulations Specific Financial Service Sector in Australia 13% - 16% Costs Involved in Preparing Aztechs Updated Help Desk Support 17% - 19% The landscape of the risk associated with implementation of BYOD concept in Aztechs workplace setting can be sub-segmented into 3 major areas. These are the security measures that can be applied to the personal devices of employees, address of the risk associated with specific new application software and management of the workplace environment associated with BYOD. Security Setting for Personal Handsets of Employees In earlier days, there existed a single-phone environment in the corporate sector because the manufacturers and brands were few. They were secure because of the uniform distribution of handset variants. The policy control for security could be effectively managed by the manufacturers because of the unified interface they provided to users. The proposed BYOD concept that is supposed to be applied to the case of Aztech Corporation changes the security architecture at a fundamental level as the companys employees are supposed to bring a diversified range of devices that are individually personalized and have very less to do with the business environment of an enterprise. The five fundamental security concerns with regards to the mobile devices are Theft of an Employees Personal Device either outside or within the Workplace setting of Aztech (Password Protected Device and Encryption) Shallow awareness of IT security practices or absolute Lack of it in Aztech primary segment of professionals whose work profiles do not align with those of IT Professionals, the company being in the financial service sector (The Risk Assessment Framework known to IT Department of Aztech) The ownership associated with end user of the device (Rooting or Jailbreak of the Smartphones Operating System) Idle state of Personal Devices with an elevated access to Internet data (Access to Business Data through VPN connection in a Lost or Stolen Smart phone of Aztechs Employee) Access to the personal device on a physical level either within the workplace or outdoor (Absence of Hardware Encryption in 3G Devices) The above concerns can be addressed by use of a MDM or a Mobile Device Management Program that is to be adopted by the company itself post-implementation of BYOD concept within its workplace. Apart from that the company needs to set a baseline for security standards as various hardware and operating systems will just mess up the confidentiality protocols. The authentication for corporate data needs to be stringent one on the monitors of personal devices. In addition to all these, a vital addition of Aztechs risk awareness program is also required followed by consistent evaluation of device usage (Absalom, 2012). There has been a steep increase in the incident of malware attacks in organisations that follow B2C models. Aztech falls under the same category. Malicious codes and security loopholes are less likely to be identified by employees at Aztech and thus it skyrockets the chances of theft of corporate data. The embedded codes can compromise with the local files on an intranet or an extranet. To effectively counter these breaches, the data sharing performed between each BYOD devices are needed to be filtered at the initial phase to make sure that all loopholes in a personal device are detected and subsequently covered (Ghosh, et al 2013). Conclusion From the above assessment, it can be opined the variability associated with a BYOD environment is significantly in case of hardware as well the software that provides access to Aztechs sensitive data on clients profile and their bank account details. Variation in OS platforms also makes the wiping of devices complicated. The employees themselves account for 55% of the security risk in a BYOD environment while the remaining 27% is contributed by third party individuals who somehow have legitimate access to Aztechs internal database. Also it can be argued that the activities performed by Aztechs employees are needed to be visible mostly on the cloud system followed by systems that are on the premise. Mobile devices still account for half of the visibility required and therefore it is advisable to adopt the laptops and PDAs if possible in the place of personal smartphones because the variability factor is less in the former case. Reference Absalom, R., 2012. International Data Privacy Legislation Review: A Guide for BYOD Policies. Ovum Consulting, IT006, 234, pp.3-5. Campbell, J., McDonald, C. and Sethibe, T., 2010. Public and private sector IT governance: Identifying contextual differences. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 16(2). Carden, M., 2012, August. Digital Archiving at the National Archives of Australia: Putting Principles into Practice. In International Council on Archives Congress, Brisbane, Australia, August (pp. 20-24). Department of Defence, 2014. Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) for Executives. Australian Government. Retrieved 26 September 2017 from https://www.asd.gov.au/publications/protect/BYOD_Considerations_for_Execs.pdf Downer, K. and Bhattacharya, M., 2015, December. BYOD security: A new business challenge. In Smart City/SocialCom/SustainCom (SmartCity), 2015 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 1128-1133). IEEE. EYGM, 2013. Bring your own device Security and risk considerations for your mobile device program. Retrieved 27 September 2017 from https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY_-_Bring_your_own_device:_mobile_security_and_risk/$FILE/Bring_your_own_device.pdf Ghosh, A., Gajar, P.K. and Rai, S., 2013. Bring your own device (BYOD): Security risks and mitigating strategies. Journal of Global Research in Computer Science, 4(4), pp.62-70. Iqbal, S., 2012. Australian Government Launches Discussion Paper on Privacy Breach Notification. Retrieved 27 September 2017 from https://www.insideprivacy.com/data-security/australian-government-launches-discussion-paper-on-privacy-breach-notification/ Leavitt, N., 2013. Today's mobile security requires a new approach. Computer, 46(11), pp.16-19. Olalere, M., Abdullah, M.T., Mahmod, R. and Abdullah, A., 2015. A review of bring your own device on security issues. Sage Open, 5(2), p.2158244015580372. Saini, S.L., Saini, D.K., Yousif, J.H. and Khandage, S.V., 2011. Cloud computing and enterprise resource planning systems. In Proceedings of the world Congress on Engineering (Vol. 1, pp. 6-8). Stewart, D., 2015. Assessing Access to Information in Australia: The Impact of Freedom of Information Laws on the Scrutiny and Operation of the Commonwealth Government.